發布(bu)時間：2022/09/13發布人：
論述了柔性(xing)(xing)石墨復合增強墊(dian)片的(de)基本結構、冶金(jin)管道系統的(de)應(ying)用和性(xing)(xing)能特點。研究表明柔性(xing)(xing)石墨復合增強墊(dian)片具有良好(hao)的(de)壓縮回彈性(xing)(xing)能、密封(feng)性(xing)(xing)能和耐熱性(xing)(xing)能，適合石油(you)、化(hua)工、金(jin)屬冶煉等(deng)高(gao)溫高(gao)壓行(xing)業使用。
柔(rou)性(xing)石(shi)(shi)墨復合(he)增強墊(dian)片結合(he)了金(jin)屬密封材(cai)料(liao)(liao)和(he)非金(jin)屬密封材(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)雙重優點，多(duo)槽(cao)形(xing)的(de)構(gou)造(zao)使(shi)其具(ju)有(you)良好的(de)可壓(ya)縮(suo)性(xing)、回彈(dan)性(xing)的(de)密封性(xing)。目前(qian)國內各地(di)生產廠家眾多(duo)，但由于制(zhi)造(zao)上的(de)差(cha)異和(he)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)使(shi)用上的(de)不同，造(zao)成質量參差(cha)不齊(qi)。因此進(jin)行柔(rou)性(xing)石(shi)(shi)墨復合(he)增強墊(dian)片進(jin)行常溫壓(ya)縮(suo)回彈(dan)性(xing)能的(de)試(shi)驗研究是很有(you)必要(yao)的(de)，這對進(jin)一步(bu)改良柔(rou)性(xing)石(shi)(shi)墨復合(he)增強墊(dian)片的(de)密封機制(zhi)、性(xing)能、制(zhi)造(zao)和(he)使(shi)用也很有(you)意義。
1.基本結構
柔(rou)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)石墨(mo)復(fu)(fu)(fu)合(he)(he)增強(qiang)墊(dian)片(pian)(pian)(pian)是以(yi)(yi)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)為骨(gu)(gu)(gu)架，在其上、下表(biao)面(mian)開(kai)有相互錯(cuo)開(kai)的(de)(de)特(te)殊(shu)形(xing)(xing)狀的(de)(de)同心圓(yuan)溝槽（金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)波(bo)齒(chi)環），以(yi)(yi)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)波(bo)齒(chi)環為基體，在其上、下表(biao)面(mian)復(fu)(fu)(fu)合(he)(he)上一層適當厚度(du)(du)的(de)(de)柔(rou)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)石墨(mo)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)而構(gou)(gou)成的(de)(de)組(zu)合(he)(he)式墊(dian)片(pian)(pian)(pian)。石墨(mo)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)柔(rou)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)石墨(mo)復(fu)(fu)(fu)合(he)(he)增強(qiang)墊(dian)片(pian)(pian)(pian)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)時，在壓(ya)力的(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)，法蘭密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)將(jiang)石墨(mo)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)壓(ya)入溝槽，金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)架上下表(biao)面(mian)的(de)(de)環形(xing)(xing)齒(chi)峰與法蘭緊(jin)密(mi)(mi)(mi)接觸(chu)。當法蘭被進一步壓(ya)緊(jin)時金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)架產(chan)生彈(dan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)變形(xing)(xing)，并(bing)使(shi)(shi)柔(rou)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)石墨(mo)受到壓(ya)縮(suo)(suo)，被封(feng)(feng)閉(bi)在金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)架與法蘭面(mian)之(zhi)間(jian)形(xing)(xing)成的(de)(de)環形(xing)(xing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)閉(bi)空間(jian)里，這(zhe)樣，整個復(fu)(fu)(fu)合(he)(he)墊(dian)片(pian)(pian)(pian)就產(chan)生了(le)多(duo)(duo)道金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)線密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)和柔(rou)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)石墨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)雙重(zhong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)作用(yong)(yong)，從而實現對介質(zhi)的(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)。這(zhe)種特(te)殊(shu)構(gou)(gou)造(zao)的(de)(de)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)架是一個彈(dan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)元(yuan)件，使(shi)(shi)柔(rou)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)石墨(mo)復(fu)(fu)(fu)合(he)(he)增強(qiang)墊(dian)片(pian)(pian)(pian)增強(qiang)了(le)彈(dan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。柔(rou)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)石墨(mo)復(fu)(fu)(fu)合(he)(he)增強(qiang)墊(dian)片(pian)(pian)(pian)由于(yu)其特(te)殊(shu)的(de)(de)結構(gou)(gou)具(ju)(ju)有更好的(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能和壓(ya)縮(suo)(suo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能。另外柔(rou)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)石墨(mo)熔點高、自潤性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)好、膨脹系數大，而且骨(gu)(gu)(gu)架采用(yong)(yong)金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)制作，柔(rou)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)石墨(mo)和金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)骨(gu)(gu)(gu)架復(fu)(fu)(fu)合(he)(he)后，墊(dian)片(pian)(pian)(pian)兼(jian)具(ju)(ju)有金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)墊(dian)片(pian)(pian)(pian)和非金(jin)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)墊(dian)片(pian)(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)特(te)點，構(gou)(gou)成多(duo)(duo)層復(fu)(fu)(fu)合(he)(he)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)，因此具(ju)(ju)有優異的(de)(de)耐高、低溫和耐腐(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能，易于(yu)適應(ying)溫度(du)(du)和壓(ya)力的(de)(de)波(bo)動及耐介質(zhi)腐(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，保證密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)安全可靠性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。
2.性能試驗
在(zai)一(yi)定(ding)載荷(he)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)(suo)(suo)率(lv)(lv)和(he)卸載時的(de)(de)(de)(de)回彈(dan)率(lv)(lv)是柔(rou)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)復(fu)合(he)(he)(he)(he)增(zeng)強墊(dian)(dian)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)指標(biao)，壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)(suo)(suo)率(lv)(lv)表(biao)示墊(dian)(dian)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)承載能(neng)(neng)(neng)力，回彈(dan)率(lv)(lv)表(biao)示墊(dian)(dian)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)回彈(dan)能(neng)(neng)(neng)力，柔(rou)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)復(fu)合(he)(he)(he)(he)增(zeng)強墊(dian)(dian)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)(suo)(suo)回彈(dan)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)對墊(dian)(dian)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)密封性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)有(you)(you)很大的(de)(de)(de)(de)影響，主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)體現在(zai)墊(dian)(dian)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)對載荷(he)波(bo)動情況(kuang)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)補(bu)償適應能(neng)(neng)(neng)力，因此就要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求墊(dian)(dian)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)既(ji)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)具有(you)(you)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)(suo)(suo)率(lv)(lv)，更要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)保證(zheng)有(you)(you)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)回彈(dan)率(lv)(lv)。柔(rou)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)復(fu)合(he)(he)(he)(he)增(zeng)強墊(dian)(dian)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)(suo)(suo)率(lv)(lv)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)由(you)石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)層來提供，回彈(dan)率(lv)(lv)則由(you)墊(dian)(dian)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)金(jin)屬骨架的(de)(de)(de)(de)結構來保證(zheng)。試驗用(yong)柔(rou)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)復(fu)合(he)(he)(he)(he)增(zeng)強墊(dian)(dian)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)為PN1.6、DN80規格墊(dian)(dian)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)，試驗采(cai)用(yong)全自動剛性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)試驗裝置，進行常溫下的(de)(de)(de)(de)力學性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)和(he)密封性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)試驗研究，壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)(suo)(suo)率(lv)(lv)、回彈(dan)率(lv)(lv)測(ce)試按(an)JB/T6288-1993《柔(rou)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)復(fu)合(he)(he)(he)(he)增(zeng)強墊(dian)(dian)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)》中的(de)(de)(de)(de)規定(ding)，試驗載荷(he)為34.5MPa.墊(dian)(dian)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)(suo)(suo)率(lv)(lv)和(he)回彈(dan)率(lv)(lv)分別按(an)照GB/T12622-2008《管法(fa)蘭(lan)用(yong)墊(dian)(dian)片(pian)(pian)(pian)(pian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)(suo)(suo)率(lv)(lv)和(he)回彈(dan)率(lv)(lv)試驗方法(fa)》中公(gong)式(shi)（1）和(he)公(gong)式(shi)（2）進行計算。
